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加息下 銀行股有運行?

年初以來股市跌多過升,打開財經報紙,通脹升溫、息口上升,成為熱門的標題,各地及各類銀行股都有唔錯的表現,算是近期的逆市奇葩。

事實上,歐美國家通脹不斷上升,令到息口上升壓力越來越大,加息已經是無可避免,在這個環境下,最受惠當然包括銀行股,而一眾香港上市的各類銀行股,年初至今表現比美國同類更突出。問題就是這類經濟敏感度高的股份,真的越升越有嗎?

美國上市的銀行股這星期開始步入公佈業績高峰期,可望為未來銀行業的表現提供一些啟示。美股上市的銀行股年初至今,亦都跟隨大市下跌,只不過整體跌幅比大市為少。

攝影師:Expect Best,連結:Pexels

值得指出的是香港上市和美國上市的銀行股,處身的經濟環境不同,面對的政治形勢亦都各異,所以表現也不一樣。

香港方面,主要銀行股今年以來普遍都有不錯的表現,能夠逆市上升,不少升幅超過一成。 本地及國際銀行股,例如恒生(0011)、匯豐(0005)等,以及中資的銀行股,表現都相當不俗。

圖:香港主要銀行股表現 (截至13/4/2022)

美國息口上升,步伐可能比預期還要快,香港未必跟隨美國加息步伐,但香港銀行一向對美國加息較為敏感,息口升也提供一個利好的氣氛給銀行股。 另一方面,預期香港經濟慢慢從疫情回復正常,銀行業務會有所改善。

香港上市的中資銀行股,從早前業績反映,壞帳有改善,加上大家預期內地經濟放緩,中央會採取更加寬鬆的政策,利好銀行業務。

美國銀行股面對複雜形勢

至於美股方面,通脹升到40年高水平,息口升勢都會越來越急,銀行的息差會擴闊,銀行收入也會提高。不過,銀行業屬於經濟敏感度高的行業,大家擔心息口上升步伐太快,會壓抑經濟的表現, 銀行業收入亦都會受到影響,此外,歐美國家 因為俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭,所以對俄羅斯實施經濟制裁,這方面都會影響美國銀行的業務表現。所以一來一回,銀行股表現就要視乎情況的發展,銀行股表現未必一面倒睇好。

再者,美國債券孳息曲線出現倒掛情況,簡單來說,即是債券孳息(利息回報)走勢一反常態,短債(2年期)息率高過長債(10年期)的息率,反映大家擔心短期風險大過長期風險,擔心未來經濟或有衰退的危機,這都令市場對美國銀行股有些保留。不過債息走勢出現倒掛屬一些技術性問題,未必一定次次準確,但都值得留意一下。

(15/4/2022)

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