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嫌iBond 買得少?抗通脹ETF有選擇

美國公布的4月份通脹數字,上漲4.2%,升幅遠超預期,為2008年9月以來最大增幅,嚇得全球股市都出現震盪。大家的焦點又開始環繞着如何抗通脹,以及保本增值。而香港此刻快將推出新一期iBond, 可謂來得合時。不過,要講抗通脹,美股也有不少債券ETF選擇,回報不比iBond差。

甚麼是TIPS

當通脹升溫的時候,市場就開始想到通脹掛鈎債券(Treasury inflation-protected securities , TIPS) 。有名你叫,就是用來對抗通脹的債券。

iBond的作用也是抗通脹,方式就是本金是固定,派息則跟通脹掛鈎。 假設你認購一萬元,三年後債券到期,你取回的本金都是一萬元,只是期間每半派息一次,每次的派息的息率跟通脹掛鈎。新一期的iBond有墊底息率(保證最低息)2%。

美國TIPS 的運作有所不同,派發的息率是固定的,不過本金就按通脹調整。即是無論通脹升多少,息率按本金多少派發。 當債券到期的時候,你取得的本金跟你原先的投資金額可以有差距。

舉個簡化版例子:

債券票面價值10,000元,息率1.5%,(按此本金計算,即可得150元息)。

第二年通脹為3%,本金按通脹調整,升至10,300元,收息仍然是1.5%,但派息因本金變大了而增至154.5元。

如果通縮的話,TIPS的本金和派息都會縮水。

TIPS好處

TIPS給一些較保守投資者,提供保本的工具。比較iBond,通脹高於2%的話,回報會以TIPS吸引。但遇上通縮,TIPS的回報就會縮水。不過因為跟通脹掛鈎,所以購買力基本上可以保持(前題是你喺美國住,因為TIPS跟著美國通脹走)。

另方面,iBond一般都會超額認購,每個市民可能都只獲派一手,對於資金比較多的人,其實並不吸引。

4隻投資TIPS的ETF

對通脹掛鈎債券有興趣的朋友,亦可研究一下TIPS的 ETF。


圖:抗通脹債券ETF 基本資料
註:率息不是債券的票面息率,是按股價計算的息率。

1) iShares TIPS Bond ETF(TIP)
投資在美國國庫抗通脹債券,到期日至少剩番不少於1年。

2) Schwab Strategic Trust – Schwab U.S. TIPS ETF(SCHP)
投資在美國抗通脹債券,到期日至少剩番不少於1年。

TIP與SCHP都是追蹤Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) 指數,但TIP有不多於一成,並不按指數資產分佈投資。

3) iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF(STIP)
投資在美國抗通脹債券,到期日少於5年。

4) Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities ETF(VTIP)
投資在美國抗通脹債券,到期日少於5年。

STIP及VTIP都是追蹤Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Years 指數,但複製方式有些差別。STIP的投資中,有不多於10%是透過 期貨、期權、掉期合約來複製的。


圖:抗通脹債券ETF表現(截至14/5/2021)

(18/5/2021)

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