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檢閱8隻美股新手ETF(2022)

去年頭筆者曾經介紹過八隻熱門的美股ETF給投資新手,這8隻ETF包含不同類型,有進取型,也有較為保守、穩健的,配合不同環境和不同目標的部署。今天美股已調整不少,不妨看看這些ETF的表現,進一步了解它們的特性。

在高通脹、加息步伐加快的陰影下,加上歐洲政局緊張,令到整體全球的投資環境處於一個低迷的局面,股市好似跌極都未完。年初至今,美股(標普指數)跌超過兩成,技術上又再次步入熊市。期間不同類型的股票,有不同的表現。不過,大環境差,大部份股份不能避免要跌,分別在於跌多少。

筆者之前介紹的八隻美股市場熱門ETF,包括追蹤標普500指數的SPDR S&P 500 Trust ETF(SPY)、追蹤納斯達克指數的Invesco QQQ ETF(QQQ)、追蹤中小型美國上市股份的iShares Russell 2000 ETF(IWM)、追蹤創新科技的ARK Innovation ETFF(ARKK)、追蹤Bitcoin價格的Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (BGTC)、追蹤高息股票的Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF(VYM)、追蹤國際黃金價格的SPDR Gold Trust ETF(GLD),以及追蹤美國以外大型國際公司的Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund(VGTSX)。

表:8隻美股上市ETF表現(截至23/9/2022)

  • 總回報即是股價加股息在內的成績

年初至今標普指數下跌了23%,上述一眾ETF中,表現最差的就是追蹤Bitcoin價格的BGTC,下跌了接近七成,投資這類ETF都預咗會大起大跌,所以筆者都會提醒唔好買咁多,以及做好風險管理。女股神Cathie Wood 的投資旗艦ARKK,跌幅差不多,都有六成八,因為投資的多是中小型的科技股公司。反而投資在大型科技公司的QQQ,跌幅細一半,只有三成一。

以規模劃分,大型股SPY比中小型股份的IWM,在弱市中跌得無咁多,前者跌近23%,中小型公司ETF則跌了近25%。外國的大企業跌得更多,近27%,其中因素是滙價大跌,令到資產價格都縮水。

抗跌力相對大的是黃金ETF,以及投資高息股的ETF。不過跌幅都有一成,分別下跌10.5%加12.8%。

以上都是今年以來的股價表現,拉長來看,用3年、5年和十年的時間睇,大部份都是正數。

這些ETF股份今年以來表現告訴大家:

第一, 風險高的股份,跌起上來不只是一兩成,可以去到近七成之多,所以大家日後投資高風險資產時,要有這個概念,做好風險管理。

第二,一般來說,用作避險的股份,遇上市況差,都有下跌的風險,用黃金來作避險,今次都要跌逾一成。最安全避險方法離不開現金。

短線見紅也不一定太過擔心,投資一般都是講長線,如果相信公司能捱得過不景氣,長線都可以提供理想的回報。筆者建議大家在動盪的市況中,審視一下各類股份的表現,認識多一點,投資的功力可望更上一層樓。

(26/9/2022)

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