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擔心股市大跌?送你一招防衛必殺技

連日來美股弱,港股更弱, 在二月最後一個交易日,港股下跌超過1000點。熱錢持續流走,股市出現大調整,我們可以怎樣辦?

這篇文章其實寫了超過一個月,只是氣氛仍然大好,唔太啱時候,上載了也未必有人想睇。今次拿出來跟大家分享一下睇法。

傳統上,管理風險,預備股市大跌的來臨,都不外乎有幾個常用的招數:重整組合增持黃金、債券或高息股,甚至就是利用衍生工具來買跌。

筆者都見過股市無數大大小小的起落,亦試過不同的方法,最後我會選擇一個懶人的做法,就是增持現金。

任何投資都涉及風險,只有增持現金就是成本最低,風險最低的做手,睇錯市的代價只是損失了升市賺錢的機會。

傳統避險工具

黃金
利用黃金作為避險的工具,其實功能已經越來越低,一來黃金本身的價值受到質疑,二來長期持有黃金沒有著數,因為沒有股息派發,同持現時又有其他的替代品,例如比特幣。之前身邊不少朋友投資黃金,發現沒有那一個可以真的透過保值賺到錢,不是高位入貨便是沒耐性早沽了。

高息股
高息股就是一種長線的投資策略,無論股市升升跌跌,一般優質的高息股都會派發股息,為你提供現金流,這是長線的投資工具,但如果視作短期的避險工具,功用也不覺得太大。股市大跌,高息股一樣會有調整,只是下跌的幅度比人低。同時買出買入,也涉及成本。要避險的話,索性持有現金,風險更加低,靈活性更加高。

債券
當經濟不景的時候,企業出現問題的風險也增加,債息上升吸引投資者,問題通脹仍是處於 “憂慮”的階段,低息的環境還或會持續一段時間,債券是否一個理想的投資工具值得考慮一下。

衍生工具做對沖
例如沽空、買期貨、期權、牛熊證窩輪等等。一來這些都是複雜的投資工具, 普通小股民未必識得計數。二來要能夠覆蓋你的投資作對沖,涉及的買賣成本亦都相當高,筆者多年前在預期市況波動的時候,曾經嘗試利用這些衍生工具,發覺波動非常之大,成本也不低,最後決定放棄了。

增持現金
對於普通小股民來說,最好的避險工具,就是減持股票,特別是一些波動性比較大,質素一般,只是用作中期投資的股票,盡量保持多一些現金,等到大調整才再度入市,這個方法長期以來勝算會比較高。

結語

無論是一般小股民,或者有經驗的投資者,盡量利用現金作為你的投資組合部份,對市況有所疑惑就增持現金,這是最簡單、方便、快捷方法,特別適合懶人。

其實美股升了多年,開始有人擔心有機會出現一些調整,例如大行美銀早前發表報告提醒大家,無論如何,風險管理幾時都要做,一旦有疑惑,為了讓投資變得更加安心,最簡單方法增持現金,比起投資黃金或高息股去避險,成效可能會更加理想。

(26/2/2021)

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