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維他奶股價走弱又跣倒的啟示

可謂屋漏兼逢連夜雨,業績本已經唔太靚的維他奶(0345),因為捲入政治風波,令到旺季生意受影響要發盈警,預告遲下公布的業績或會見紅。持有公司股票的小股民,可能覺得好無奈😫。


圖片來源:公司網頁

公司上周五收市後發出盈利警告,預期截至今年9月底止的中期業績將錄得介乎5,000萬元虧損至6,000萬元盈利,相比去年同期賺6.71億元,即半年盈利可能按年銳減逾九成,甚至由盈轉虧。

公司解釋,業績差主要因為第二季度(年7至9月)的市場需求大幅下跌。又話一份內部備忘錄在社交平台被廣泛流傳,導致中國內地消費者對公司構成負面影響,以致在整個七月,內地不同銷售渠道均發生產品下架的情況。

今次的政治風波,影響如何都值得關注,一來適逢產品的銷售旺季,同時,貨品下架了,競爭對手會否乘機搶佔了市場?要收回失地,恐怕要多花投資在推廣工作之上。且看遲下公布的業績有甚麼的啟示。

2019年股價從高峰回落

早在2016年,我們定期檢閱的高息、增長股當中,維他奶一直都在名單之中,早幾年公司股價走勢亦都相當突出,直至到2019年到達高峰,之後逐漸走下坡。

七一警員遇襲,涉事員工離世,公司人事部一封內部文件,意想不到引起 軒然大波,擊起內地人的抵制潮。 自此,維他奶股價潛水得更深

圖:維他奶及恒性指數近5年股價走勢 (截至12/8/2021)

以今日的內地政治氣候,任何公司隨時躺著也會中槍,好似維他奶這些越來越依賴中國市場的公司,大家投資的話,除了關心內地經濟情況,也要留意政治的大環境。

現今股民應如何看待維他奶?在一般投資分析之上,也應加上一個風險溢價。如果生意做得平平無奇, 好難再吸引長期的投資者,因為大家對政策風險的意識提高,對股價回報的要求亦都會相應調高。事實上,內地的政策話變就變,未來會對於外來的投資,採取什麼取態,也是一個疑問。

成也大陸市場、敗也大陸市場

早幾年維他奶的表現相當突出,主要因為公司在內地市場做得有聲有色,帶動盈利和股價增長,令到中國成為維他奶最大的市場,佔公司的收入超過六成以上,香港的比重則下降至25%。今次受政治氣候影響,經營和收入自然亦都受到打擊。

圖:維他奶市場分佈 (資料來源:公司年報)

另一點值得一提,過往筆者在形容這家公司時,都強調它的股值並不便宜,因為過往公司業績靚、股價連升多年,不過,隨著近年增長減慢了,預支未來的估值都要慢慢消化,加上七一內部文件引發的負面影響,未來會否可以扭轉劣勢,似乎唔容易。
(13/8/2021)

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