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美股徵回購稅 小股民有冇著數 ?

繼參議院之後,美國眾議院又通過了《2022通脹削減法案》,並已送交白宮給總統拜登簽署。這項法案包含不少的內容,當中包括加徵1%的回購税。倘若成事,小股民包括我們身處美國境外的散戶,或多或少都有影響。

美國參議院財政委員會主席Ron Wyden提到,回購税的目標是遏制公司通過回購股票來托市,徵稅希望鼓勵上市公司將更多資本投資於業務。但對小股民來說,是否利多於弊?

甚麼是回購

回購是公司回饋股東的一個做法,在美國是十分普遍。公司賺到錢回饋股東可以有不同方式,直接派現金比小股東,也可以透過回購股份來增加股票價值。

公司進行回購,一般是在股市買回自己的股份,而買回來的股票可以註銷,這樣市場上公司股票數量少了,每股價值便上升。此外,公司亦可以把市場買回來的股票放埋一邊,等適當時機賣番出去。

回購股份的好處是,小股東收現金股息要俾稅,回購股份則有助托市之餘,亦都令到每股的價值上升,有利股價表現。

香港買股票,如果是本地的上市公司,公司派息,股東並不需要繳付股息稅。股票派多少,扣除了證券經紀的代收股息手續費之後,便差不多全數落袋。

但在美股市場,無論是香港、台灣、以致美國本土的小股東,收到的股息都要交稅。美國本土的會當作所得稅一部份,交多少視乎金額而定(普遍10%以上,最高超過30%),而香港、台灣的投資者則被抽取30%之多。這樣收到股息已經少了一大截,再繳付經紀代收的手續費, 七除八扣,資金少的可以落袋隨時少了一半,甚至變零。所以懂計數,也知道這樣對投資者未必咁吸引。

派息好還是回購好?

派息好還是回購好?兩者都有好處和缺點。派息的好處自然就是小股東有錢落袋,有現金流。不好的地方就是貢獻一大部份股息給美國政府。

回購股份的好處就是可支持公司的股價,不過一日未賣出股票,一日都沒有錢落袋,未及收到現金來得實際。

徵回購稅的短期影響

倘若 一切順利的話,明年一月便會徵收1%回購稅,這樣部份美國公司可能要及早做定準備,爭相在今年內回購股份,所以市場預期今年美股的回購熱潮將更加火熱,這樣會否托起美股?不妨拭目以待。

(15/8/2022)

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