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買美股ETF 3大指數要識分

美個股票市場氣勢如虹,長年處於一個的大牛市,吸引不少散戶垂青,希望用一個大包圍的策略,透過ETF投資美國股市,不過,美股市場有多隻反映不同類型股票的ETF,大家投資之前要認清楚,因為回報可以有很大的分別。

反映美股市場表現的指數,其中認受性最強的三大指數,分別為:

1. 標普500指數

2. 納斯達克指數

3. 道瓊斯工業平均指數

三大指數逐隻數

1. 標準普爾500指數

包含了500間美國大企業,指數有較廣泛的代表性,亦都較多人採用來代表美股表現的指標。包含的股票包括蘋果公司(AAPL)、微軟(MSFT)、亞馬遜(AMZN)、股神畢菲特的Berkshire Hathaway (BBRK.B)、Johnson & Johnson (JNJ)等等。

2. 納斯達克指數

指數包含了在納斯達克交易所上市的公司。這些公司以高新科技佔大比重,例如蘋果公司、微軟、亞馬遜、Facebook等等,所以一般用作反映美國科技公司表現的指標。

3. 道瓊工業平均指數

已有超過一百年歷史,指數包含30隻成份股,包括可口可樂(KO)、波音公司(BA)及3M(MMM)等。這一隻老牌指數,成份股太集中,同時大部份是舊經濟股,指標性及代表性大不如前。

近幾年新經濟冒起,包含大量科技股的納斯達克指數,表現比較突出,標普是反映普遍美國大企業表現,包括新舊經濟,指數表現也不錯,而包含傳統大藍籌股的道瓊斯指數,跑得相對較慢。

美股ETF

如果大家對美股有興趣,先問問自己,想投資那類型的股票,從而再挑選相關的指數,以下是較熱門的ETF:

1. 追縱標準普爾500指數

Voo Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO)

SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY)

2. 追縱納斯達克指數

The Invesco QQQ fund (QQQ)

3. 追縱道瓊工業平均指數

SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA)

圖: 三大指數ETF近一年表現

(18/7/2021)

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