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利率趨升 3類股份回復動力

美股市場最近投資焦點又重返債市,大家預期加息快將來臨,債券價格下跌推升了利率,結果股市的焦點股又跟著執位,三類股份又生猛番晒。


在 過去一星期,做得最好的首推能源類股份,其次就是金融股,標普500指數能源及金融類股份,過去一星期分別上升了約12%及6%, 遠遠跑贏大市的2%。兩類都屬於經濟敏感度高行業。另方面,二三線股普遍也有不錯的表現, 反映中小企表現的羅素2000指數,亦都跑贏了大藍籌公司代表-標普500指數。

換言之, 今次的市場變化當中,三類股份包括能源、金融和中小企會受惠利息上升的趨勢。

何解呢類股份會受惠?

經濟改善推升通脹,美國聯儲局加快收水,亦令到利率有上升的壓力。在經濟好的環境下,商業活動漸趨活躍,對能源例如石油、天然氣的需求增加。此外,英國燃油供應緊張,中國又實行限電令,都進一步刺激能源股造好。

銀行業作為百業之母也受惠於經濟好轉,多人買樓做生意,銀行可以借多啲錢出去,同時加息之下,銀行的利潤也會改善。

至於中小企方面,這類二三線公司的市場以美國為主,經濟好自然直接受惠,所以中小企表現比較活躍。

加息不利增長股

相反,經濟好、要加息,借貸成本隨之而上升,而聯儲局要收水,加上市場熱錢減少、借錢炒股都冇咁易賺錢,這樣對科技股等增長型公司較為不利,估值亦會遭重新評估一下,利用一般評估科技股估值方法(Discounted Cashflow model, DCF)的話,科技股的現價變得昂貴好多,所以加息當前,科技股唔太被睇好,市場會轉移到估值比較低的傳統型企業。


圖:追蹤能源、金融和中小企股份ETF表現

今年能源、金融和中小企股份表現反覆做好。以追蹤這些行業、類別股份的ETF為例,都取得不錯的回報。不過,值得一提如果大家想審時度勢,趁這些股份當旺入市便要做好風險管理,因為周期性股份及二三線股的波動比較大,投資市場轉調的話,股份便會相應調整。

(29/9/2021)

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