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外匯對沖 為ETF加點助燃劑

既然開了個美股戶口 就不要浪費,可以把投資的空間擴闊一點,透過美股市場的ETF投資全世界, 那裡經濟好,就投資那個地方。如果投資美國以外的ETF的話,就要認識一下,利用匯價對沖來幫你爭取更大的回報,或者作為鎮靜劑,讓你的投資變得更穩健。

講到外滙對沖,大家可能覺得是一件非常複雜的事,其實用ETF投資,不一定要你自己做這個複雜的買賣, 只需要揀一隻有對沖功能的ETF便可以。或者先分享筆者個人投資經驗,大家便可以理解外滙對沖係幾咁有用😌。

例子1 :沒有對沖 回報縮了水

多年之前,筆者見到歐洲市場做得唔錯,當時還未有美股戶口,所以就買入一些以歐元為計價基礎的投資基金。基金價值升了,於是止賺離場把基金贖回,但收錢的時候,發現回報少了一截。

經過一番研究,發現原因是美元轉強。因為投資期間,美元轉強了,基金公司把投資轉回港元俾番我,經過兌換之後,錢便縮咗水, 侵蝕了我的回報。

買基金時,首先要付出大約2%的認購費, 贖回基金的時候,又遇上外匯的波動,又再扣減一些錢,七除八扣,加加埋埋好幾千元,咪話唔肉痛☹️。

例子2 :沒有對沖 基金增長慢

這次是有美股戶口,當時買入日股,但未有認真研究對沖的工具。買入的日股ETF是用美元計價, 投資期間見到日股走勢幾好,但偏偏手上的ETF升得唔多, 反而隔離街另一隻日股ETF越走越快,問題在哪裡?其中主要原因是有和沒有外滙對沖的分別。

從這兩個例子可以看到,投資在海外的話,會遇上一個風險,就是匯價波動, 掌握得好就可以如虎添翼,沒有管理的話,隨時令到你的回報減少了一截。

ETF如何做對沖

普遍追蹤指數的ETF,會把部份的資金用嚟買外滙期貨,目的是減低滙價波動的影響,這就是 “對沖”的作用,唔係攞嚟炒。當投資期間滙價大貶值,對沖的外滙投資,有錢賺,可以抵銷外滙貶值令資產縮水的損失。

以日本股票ETF為例,日本的出口佔經濟增長重要部份。滙價跌, 貨物出口便宜了,自然吸引訂單,公司生意做多了,股價便會升值。所以在弱貨幣下,日本股市升。如果我們投資的話,滙價越跌,股價越升,但如果兩者互相扺銷,回報便慢了。假如加上外幣對沖,股票升值,匯價沒有變動,可以直接受惠股票升的回報。

所以當大家在篩選ETF的時候,網上工具通常都會多一個選項,就是有沒有外匯對沖,有一些比較大路的市場(例如歐洲大企業、日本大企業等等),選擇眾多的時候,就有對沖以及沒有對沖的選擇。 這個時候大家或者可以考慮一下,是否需要利用對沖來平衡一下你的投資表現。

當然,外匯的走勢其實不易捕捉,或有機會令風險增加多一些,特別是當外匯市場走勢不似預期,可能令到你遇上雙重打擊:在股票價值損失之外,還要蝕了滙價,投資時要多加研究。

(1/6/2021)

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