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如何善用外滙對沖 幫你從ETF賺錢

上星期提到強美元下的投資機會, 意猶未盡仲想再講多一點。今次討論一下,投資海外市場有做外滙沖和沒有對沖的分別。以近期的環境,做咗對沖, 不但發揮定海神針的功能,甚至可以提升回報、賺得多一啲。

甚麼是對沖?

我們投資海外的資產(如股票),如果股票升值,自然有錢賺,但當這些股票的價值折算番美元或港元,就唔同講法。例如投資英國股票,在英鎊大跌下,折算美元就可能由賺變蝕錢。

如果我們做多一重,做對沖,在英鎊弱勢下做相反動作,撥少少錢買英鎊跌,英鎊真的再跌,我們可從外滙市場賺錢。

換言之,投資英國股票,九成半買股票,半成做外滙兌沖,股市升而英鎊跌,買了外滙保險,我們雙重賺錢。不過,如果外滙走勢不如人意,股票升外滙價又升,咁做咗對沖,便可能在外滙市場輸錢,拉低回報,這是外滙兌沖投資的一個風險。

做外滙沖和沒有對沖的分別

在近期的投資環境中,美元因為加息等因素,兌其他的貨幣越走越強,如果我們透過ETF投資美國以外股市,即使股市沒有跌,在滙價方面都會有所損失,所以有做對沖與沒有對沖,回報有分別。以日股為例,今年以來,日本股市的表現相對比較堅挺,跌不足2%,比起跌咗近兩成的美股好,但沒有做對沖的ETF(EWJ),因為匯價問題,跌了兩成多,做咗對沖的日股ETF(DXJ),不但沒有蝕錢,還取得正回報,這就是做對沖與没有對沖的結果,兩者的成績相差頗大。

英國股市情況都差不多,沒有做對沖的EWU,跌了超過一成,而做咗對沖的HEWU則賺咗2.3%。

圖:英國及日股ETF表現

何解日股表現好?

筆者早前介紹過日本市場,由於日本市場上市公司及大型企業,多屬於外向型,做國際生意的,日圓貶值,日本貨便有競爭力,就如我們見到日圓貶值,都想買多一點日本貨,去日本旅行,這有助振興日本的經濟以及企業的收入。所以日圓匯價弱,日本股市一般表現都會比較好的,不過如果你買入一隻ETF沒有對沖功能,就會蝕了滙價。

結語

美元轉強而外圍股市又跌咗唔少,無疑增加投資海外市場撈貨的動力,可以執多啲平貨。最簡單的方式自然買入追蹤指數的ETF。不過投資海外市場一個常被忽略的風險,就是貨幣走勢。大家投資時,記得多作研究和考慮。

值得一提,不是投資海外股市時必然要做對沖,如果你買入的股票市場積弱,同時當地滙價又走強的話,這時做了對沖,便會造成雙重的損失。

(8/9/2022)

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