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如何在高位退潮止賺離場?

在肺炎疫情之下,經濟差但今年的股市比想像中 “堅強”,特別是科技股。不過踏入九月,美國、香港,以至全球的股市有轉弱的趨勢。這個時候大家又可能擔心,股市會否真的轉勢回落?此情此景我們應該怎麼辦?要沽貨離場,還是繼續再坐一回呢?

講到呢度筆者想分享一下個人經驗及一些看法。

筆者曾經歷過多個股市大大小小的調整,當中一次經歷印象最深刻。

我的失敗經驗

當年股市異常暢旺,藍籌股好多都創了新高,即是你買任何一隻大藍籌都冇得輸。哪時股份普遍脫離合理水平。加上看到身邊的一位朋友,平時對股票投資一竅不通,竟然出現很大的轉變,對股票市場興趣很大,還倒過來教我們其他朋友如何投資。當普通散戶也信心爆棚,覺得自己是專家的時候,正是調整組合之時😅。(這個情景頗似近期的美股。徵兆是連平時少講投資的YouTubers,都教人買美股)。

一向以來筆者的投資較為進取,選擇對象以高增長型股份為主,當年見到種種的徵兆,擔心股市會出現大調整,所以先做一個風險管理的動作,就是把手上大部份股票沽出去,轉揸現金,以及換入一些比較穩健、派息比較高的股票,以迎接大調整的來臨。

這一個防守性的組合,其實以現金佔大部份,增長型的股票只得一兩隻,同時只有一兩隻高息股如中電。

做好了防風措施之後,下一步是等待股市大調整,但結果等了兩、三個月,股市不單未有調整過,還升勢一浪高於一浪。

哪個時候,看見人家的投資大有斬穫,但筆者的防守性組合遠遠跑得比大市慢,心情也不好過,開始失去耐性,並嘗試買回一些高增長型的股票,希望追回投資的成績。如是者越買越多,警覺性也開始減低了,再過一、兩個月,大調整終於出現,筆者的投資也走避不及損失不少,就好像從沒有做過任何風險管理措施一樣😩。

這個教訓就是,沒有人預料調整幾時會來,風險管理如何做到恰到好處。要掌握到真正的時機,其實是非常困難,所以要做的就是逐步分段而來。

高位退潮策略

假如我覺得股市升得太顛,可能有大調整,我應如何做好風險管理,與此同時又不會因為看錯了市,損失了賺錢機會呢?又或者不會因為沒有耐而性彈出彈入,最後同樣出現損失呢?

受過教訓之後,筆者的策略是擔心股災到來的話,我會分階段:

1. 慢慢提高現金水平。
2. 沽出一些質素較弱的股份,為自己的組合汰弱留強。
3. 把質素較好(只打算作中線投資,或者經濟敏感度較高如銀行股)的股份分段減磅
4. 核心的股份原封不動,即是作長線投資的繼續持有,最差的情況就是捱價,捱過股災。
5. 視乎市況分段進行,市況急轉直下,就加快動作。

這個策略的好處就是,當你遇上股市繼續升,看錯了市,也可以繼續享受到股市大升的回報。同時賣出非核心股份後又看錯市的話,可以借機會重整組合。

今年股市形勢十分複雜,無論是政治或者經濟形勢其實不利股市的發展,不過走勢卻剛好跟我們預期的相反。面前的發展又未見樂觀,所以預先做定、計劃定防風措施或者可以令大家的投資安心一點。

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