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如何揀選有買貴冇買錯的股票

多年前講到滙豐(0005),可能聽到不少 “專家” 推介時話:買滙豐有買貴沒有買錯,不過這句名言今天用不着了,持有滙豐的股民可能早已經打定輸數,退而求其次,主要集中在股息身上,不過這個最低要求也都幻滅了。

今次跟大家討論的並不是滙豐,而是 “有買貴沒有買錯” 的論調。

滙豐神話幻滅,並不等於 “有買貴沒有買錯” 這一句用不着,要視乎一些特別情況,以及符合一些特別的條件。

滙豐神話幻滅

滙豐當年能夠成為一般人的愛股,主要因為又大隻、又夠穩健,又好似長升長有,箇中原因就是天時、地利、人和的配合,即是業務的本質、經濟環境的形勢,以及管理層的質素都是 頂呱呱👍🏻。

多年前中國經濟剛崛起,香港金融業大為受惠,銀行業務隨之而起飛,加上滙豐在香港的領導地位,還未有受到中資銀行的挑戰,所以哪些年生意密密做,股價好像長升長有,今天買貴,PE好高,但公司業務持續增長,以今天股價計算,明年PE便回到吸引水平。

股票分析員分析一隻股票,通常會睇12個月,所謂買貴了,講緊的是分析的期間。股價水平預支未來,不等於長線不吸引。

股票平與貴也有時間分別

一般情況之下,股份短期間急升到大家覺得不合理水平,自然有人會高位止賺,造成股價出現短暫的調整。你買了 “貴貨”,便要捱一捱價,等待市場消化了這些獲利盤,回復較為合理水平,或者當公司公布業績,業務表現理想,以最新的盈利數字計算,市盈率便會回復到吸引的水平,股票便會重拾升軌,這就是所謂買貴沒有買錯的原理。

換言之,買貴沒有買錯就是你高位買入,預支未來,預支多少視乎公司增長有多大,以及你買貴了多少, 用一個長線策略,會是比較合適。

以騰訊(0700)或Amazon(AMZN)的例子,估值經常貴到冇朋友,如果你嫌貴不敢入市,去到股災來臨,你又擔心跌未到底,這樣你永遠不會持有這些優質、高增長的股票。

揀貴股票的幾個條件

當然高價買入以為是優質的股票,即使採取長線投資策略,也會面對風險,例如你沒有為意公司業務前景轉差,增長速度減慢,支持不了長期的高估值,你買貴了貨,可能要等N年才回到家鄉。筆者有朋友買了當年市場熱捧的中移動(0947),一揸就揸了十年才回到家鄉。

所以買一隻股票,有買貴沒有買錯,要視乎幾個條件:

1. 行業發展當旺
公司處身的行業正在冒起、在不斷成長的話,即使你隨意揀一隻股票,質素略為遜色,放長一點都有機會賺錢。

2. 公司具有實力
公司擁有優質的管理層,處身不同的環境,都可掌握先機,或者扭轉劣勢,化危為機,帶領公司不斷的成長,這樣公司年年賺大錢,一時高價買入,長遠都會受益。

3. 業績長期增長
公司年年賺錢,能夠交出令人滿意的業績。

要尋找以上類型的公司,要研究一下大環境,同時留意公司是否具實力,要找出這些公司,最好就是看一看公司過往的往績。

結語

總括而言,股市透明度比較高,資訊發達,優質的股票自然多人追逐,要找出又優質又便宜的股票其實不容易,大家看看一些龍頭企業,估值都比同業高,所以有人用著這句有買貴沒有買錯作長線部署。

這篇文章不是鼓勵大家隨意入市揸長線。優質的公司買貴了,股價出現調整都有機會返回家鄉有錢賺,但股價在市場瘋狂搶購的情況下,就可能要等多年才返到家鄉,所以入市時也不要盲目跟風。

面對一些又優質又貴的股票,如果又心急想入市,我的做法是分段入市,先少額投資試水溫,賺了少少錢,有一個蝕錢的緩衝區,才會慢慢加碼。或者股票調整,在低位加注。不過,如果買入之後才發現股票質素不及預期,就及早轉身離場。

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