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我怎樣捱過這個股市寒冬?

早幾年美國經歷長期牛市的時候,好多人都擔心會出現調整,今年一個 “似樣”的調整終於出現,標普指數已經大跌超過兩成,反覆步入了熊市,而大家有沒有預早作出準備,又怎樣渡過這個投資的嚴冬呢?

對筆者來說,由於是一個較為進取的投資者,股份大部份側重新興行業,以增長型股份作主打,反而穩健的防守性股份佔數量並不多,所以遇上這一個大熊市,都難避過這一刧,投資回報比大市蝕得還要深。不過就沒有因此而太恐慌,畢竟經歷過多次的起起落落,早有一定的風險管理措施。

點樣保護自己的投資最好?

在早幾個股市(香港股市)低潮的時候,筆者都研究用甚麼方式去保護自己的投資,因為自己的投資組合是經過篩選的,大部份都屬於自己喜歡的股份,即使股價下跌了不少,亦都唔太捨得賣咗佢,但又點樣可以捱過大跌市呢?

筆者曾考慮過多個不同的方法,包括買入衍生工具,例如一些窩輪等等,發覺這些對沖工具,其實都要成本,同時波動比正股還要大,況且這是一個比較複雜的投資,並不符合我的簡單投資策略,所以試過之後都是放棄了。

另一個做法就是看到股市氣氛轉差,先行賣出了一些並不太喜歡,或者只係作短線投資的股份,換入了一些防守性的股票,例如當其時的中電(0002)、港燈(2638)、煤氣(0003)等等。

不過時移世易,這些所謂防守性的股份,跌得比大市還要大, 發揮不到防守性的功能。

持現金最實際

隨着年紀漸大,開始變得懶惰, 希望盡量一切從簡,不想經常換出換入, 最後的做法就是把組合裡的成份股進行汰弱留強,留低的普遍都是作長線投資,即使遇到高高低低的起伏都不打算賣出,與此同時經常保持一定水平的現金,就好像今次的低潮,投資回報跌了不少,但現金可以令我捱一年半載都冇問題,而我亦都相信低潮過後,投資可以向更高的地方進發。

簡單一句,我的風險管理就是保持一定的現金,足以令我夠一段長時間用,不用去在低潮的時候沽貨離場。當股市跌得較深,就揀一些前景相對較為遜色的股份賣出去,換入跌得多但較優質的股票, 透過這些換馬行動,令到組合內的股份更加優質。捱過這個嚴寒的冬天之後,反彈力度更加大。

沽貨套現的大原則

每一個人的財務背景不同,現金水平可能未必足夠捱過冬天,這樣要被迫套現的話,就將一些不太喜歡的股份賣出,盡量保留最優質、最有前景的股票,即使這些股票跌了不少。換言之賣出套現的股票,並不是你蝕最多錢的股票,而是你覺得前景較為遜色的股票。

最後,筆者相信捱過這個低潮,無論你或者你的投資組合將會變得更加強壯,不要為短期的調整,對投資失望。

(4/10/2022)

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