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投資是否一定要跑贏大市?

虛擬貨幣價格大起大落,日前跌到四腳朝天,這個話題留待下個星期跟太家討論,今次講返一些投資基本功,就是訂立投資指標,有了指標,才知道自己投資的成績,從而作出修正和改善,令到回報可以滿足個人的投資目標。

點樣可以跑贏大市? 筆者早前寫過篇文章,介紹一個非常簡單方法,就是買入追蹤大市的ETF,套用在香港,即是指恒生指數,美國方面就係標普500指數的ETF,再將收到的股息再投資落相關的ETF,長期以來這樣就會跑人大市。

跑贏大市未必代表有錢賺,就等於多年前有段時間,港股跟隨內地股市年年打橫行,有波幅冇升幅一樣,最終得個吉🍊。

不過,利用大市作為投資的指標,亦是一個比較常用的方式(特別外國大型基金界,投資香港的話,主要用MSCI香港指數,而唔係香港的恒生指數)。大家投資也不妨先組織一個投資組合,利用大市做指標,如果投資經常跑輸大市,索性檢討一下,或者沒有太多時間,倒不如直接投資在ETF身上。

對於筆者來說,跑贏大市就是最基本的指標,不過總有些時間遇過跑輸大市,哪些情況往往就是資金泛濫,湧入市場四圍買貨,全無章法,今天炒呢幾類股份, 相隔一兩個星期就完全轉晒風向。這些情況下,最好都是買指數基金。

低風險投資 用通脹做指標

當然,如果你風險承受能力不高,最好也不要用大市做指標,哪就用通脹做一個指標,只要回報不低於通脹, 購買力仍然能夠保持,手上的資金不會縮水,任務已經完成。這時較佳的選擇是買一些穩健高息股,股價穩定、回報也平平穩穩,投資比較安心,並且定期收息,經常有一個現金流,最適合退休人士。這個時候,最好不要理會大市表現,因為穩健高息股在市況好的時候,經常被打入冷宮,股價會落後於大市。

FIRE的回報指標

在新世代FIRE(Financial Independence Retire Early)熱門投資的概念,有4%的回報可令退休資金細水長流,前題是閣下筆錢唔可以太少,4%回報如果扣除通脹之後,足夠日常開支,錢可以用到千秋萬世。

4%回報點樣搵?美國人會用ETF,主要買追蹤標普的ETF囉。 美股經歷最長的牛市,所以過去10年, 要每年取得4%的回報只是濕濕碎。

如果是年輕投資新手,最好用每年約4%或以上做指標。年輕就是投資的本錢, 輸得起,還有一段日子可以番本,敢於投資(不是投機),從失敗、輸錢學習。筆者早年都交過唔少學費,買藍籌都可以輸九成😔。

如何訂立指標?

在一個大升市當中,好容易點石成金,每個人都覺得自己是股神,但當大圍股市下跌的時候,更優異的基金經理,都未必保證可以逆市錢賺,所以投資很難做到年年一個穩定的回報,拉長線賺到錢便是贏。

總括來說,對於一個參與投資的人,最好找一個指標,通脹是第一個門檻,第二就是跑贏大市,第三就是一個數字的指標,這樣方便自己做一個比較和檢討。

以下的指數只屬個人睇法 (10年期的投資指標)

  • 保守型 – 跑贏通脹
  • 新手 – 平均每年跑贏大市
  • 進取新手 – 平均每年跑贏大市,比大市高2-3%
  • 經驗散戶 – 跑贏大市、每年平均回報12%以上
  • 優異型 – 每年平均回報20%以上

有了指標,其實閣下在投資選股,都會容易好多。記得至少每年做檢討。

(21/5/2021)

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