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抗跌型ETF你聽過未?真的可保本?

股市跌又唔想離場,大家都想盡辦法如何保本生利,所以近年冒起具抗跌能力的buffer ETFs(緩衝型ETF),漸漸多人留意。這類面世只有4年的另類ETF,係咪真係可以幫你保本呢?

這類buffer ETFs(緩衝型ETF),簡單來說,就是將大部份資金用來投資,如追蹤一些指數(好似係標普500指數),另外撥出部份資金用來購買一些衍生工具如期權,用作對沖,抵銷一旦跌市帶來的不利影響。

這類的ETF有幾保本?主要睇基金用咗幾大部錢來做對沖,以及緩衝的幅度。不同buffer ETFs,有不同的防震功能。以Innovator S&P 500 Power Buffer ETF — July (PJUL)為例,基金投資標普500指數成份股,同時又會在12個月內有15%的緩衝量。

投資這類基金要注意時效,七月份的ETF就是七月起開始的12個月內,緩衝量會參照指數開始水平辦事。到期後會重訂內容。

今年以來(至 20/9/2022),美股標普指數跌咗19.6%,這隻PJUL只係跌咗3.5%,過去一年,標普指數跌咗11.5%,PJUL則微升0.23%,發揮一定的抗跌力。

圖:PJUL及標普指數股價表現

緩衝ETF 自2018年以來,已成為ETF市場中,增長最快的一類基金,至今數目超過100隻,涉及資產規模超過140億美元。

注意事項

這類ETF其實結構較複雜,同時有啲缺點值得留意。

第一,這類基金的成本比較高,開支比率達到0.79%,而一般追蹤標普500指數的基金,例如(Vanguard S&P 500 ETF)VOO,開支比率只是0.03%。

第二,不是百分之百抗跌,只是滿足基金預先設定的防震水平,例如15%、20%等等。

第三,如果睇錯市,股市不單沒有大跌,反而越升越有,這類基金會跑輸大市。

總括來說,ETF的品種越出越多,在動盪的市況下,這類buffer ETFs可以起著緩衝的功能,但投資時要多了解它的結構和內容,才可以善加利用。

(21/9/2022)

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