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瑞信事件簿

有沒有想像到一隻銀行股,在金融海嘯之前,每股值70美元,但到咗今時今日股價每股跌到去2美元水平,縮水左97%,仲差過滙豐(0005)。呢間係大得不能倒,或者最者末日博士稱的”大得不能救”的瑞士銀行瑞信(CS)。呢間銀行近日又成為焦點😩。

筆者都一直認為,多類股份中,有些是不能長相廝守,銀行股是其中之一,如果持有瑞信呢類股票,真係唔知夠唔夠長命等翻身。

圖: 瑞信多年股價走勢

瑞信星期二發表年報(這份年報是金融風暴以來成績最差),銀行話發現內部監控具重大”缺陷”,而佢哋上星期收到美國證交會電話,講到三年前現金流量表問題,所以被迫推遲年報的發表,並形容呢個係“技術”問題。

瑞信不斷安撫市場,強調該行有強勁的資本比率、資產負債表,表明不可以將瑞信現有問題與矽谷銀行SVB的倒下相提並論。但在矽谷銀行出事之後,大家都成為驚弓之鳥,稍有疑慮仲唔沽貨走人咩!瑞信股價急插水。之後持9.9%權益的大股東沙特國營銀行Saudi National Bank,表明唔會出手支持,其中原因與監管問題有關。

最新的消息是瑞士國家銀行唔想唔想,最後都要出手,為銀行提供資金周轉,提供多達500億瑞士法郎(折合約540美元)的貸款。瑞信的股價才稍為穩定下來。

大得不能倒?

講番瑞信呢間銀行,它真的是大得不能倒果隻,它跟SVB似乎沒有太多共同之處。上週末被接管的SVB是區域性美國銀行,而瑞信是一家全球性機構。截至2022年底,瑞信的資產總值約為5300億瑞士法郎(約5750億美元),是矽谷銀行的兩倍以上。國際清算銀行的金融穩定委員會都認定瑞信是全球重要性銀行(即係大得不能倒) 。除了傳統銀行業務,瑞信在多個地區經營投資銀行、財富管理和其他業務線。

不過呢間銀行在一眾歐洲大型銀行中,體質一向比較弱,近年來都問題多多,2010年代中投資垃圾債券出事,主席及管理層又經歷過幾次執位,又醜聞多多,令到存戶不斷咁流失。

今次瑞信事件又再連累到上市的大型銀行股受壓,股價又再大跌。未知日後仲有無餘波,因為銀行連番出事,雖然都有不同的背景因素,但就好影響市場對銀行股的信心,令到一些體質比較弱的銀行,資金周轉更加困難而出事,往後的發展真的拭目以待。

(17/3/2023)

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