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當ARRK由快艇變航空母艦的時候 🤔

當一隻快艇變成航空母艦的時候,身手變得沒有那麼靈活,航行起上嚟,速度又會緩慢起來,這也可能同樣發生在一些增長得快速的投資基金身上,例如近年炙手可熱、美國女股神Cathie Wood旗下的旗艦基金ARKK。

ARKK(ARK Innovation ETF)主要投資在創新科技公司身上,投資回報5年間升了超過5倍,ETF股價年年急升,吸引不少的投資者,香港更加有不少的年輕捧場客。創辦人Cathie Wood更成為眾散戶的 “契媽”,早期入咗貨的小股民,個個都覺得自己是股神。

由小基金變身為美國60大規模ETF

ARKK不再是小型的ETF,管理的資產(Assets under management , AUM)多達225億美元,在超過二千間美股上市的ETF當中,基金的規模在頭60位以內。

踏入2021年,Cathie Wood的ETF,不少的表現呆呆滯滯,原因之一就是普遍科技股去年升得多出現回吐,ARKK雖然最近稍有起息,但年初至今股價仍見紅。

ARRK投資風格走出傳統

Cathie Wood的ARK系列ETF,跟普通的ETF不同,並不是追蹤指數的被動型基金,而是有專人管理的主動型基金,管理基金的團隊很多都是年輕人,好處是對新科技接受 程度比較高,因為他們由細到大都一直接觸新科技(這是Cathie Wood接受訪問時透露 ), 此外,他們多未遇過大風暴,包袱及顧慮會較年長的基金經理為少。

另方面,ARKK跟傳統大型基金亦都很不同,一些傳統基金投資每隻股份有上限,以此控制投資風險,但ARKK的基金沒此限制,所以大家可以看到Tesla佔ETF的比重可以很高,並且遠遠抛離基金佔比第二大、第三大的股份。

基金在幾年前,仍然是一隻小型ETF的時候,投資可以相當靈活,隨意買入一系列有潛質的小型公司,ETF的一舉一動,對整個市場唔會有太太影響,但今時今日太過成功了,ETF的資產升值了不少,加上大量資金流入,ETF所管理的資產規模大幅膨脹,投資時一舉一動,特別是針對一些小型公司,會對股價造成很大的影響。

舉一個例子,當年的Square(SQ)、ROKU(ROKU)、Shopify(SHOP)仲係細公司時,ARKK又是小型ETF時,入股這些細公司,大家齊齊成長,Square、Shopify等大升,ARKK資產也水漲船高。

今時今日ARKK再繼續投資蚊型股的話,遇上問題不少,因為基金有大把錢,如果買得太多會變相買起一間公司,買得太少對ETF組合貢獻唔大,同時投資太多蚊蠅的企業,消耗的人手會很多,涉及管理開支,所以投資的取向也許不同了。

這對一間ETF有什麼影響?快艇可以很逍遙、輕身上路,航空母艦負累多了,轉身沒有以往靈活,投資回報會否好似以前年年幾級跳,也是未知數,要留待日後揭曉。

整體來說,這間炙手可熱的投資基金,近年能夠突圍而出,創辦人的膽識和眼光要記一功,不過投資新興的企業,以及小型的公司,風險是比較大,當一隻小型的ETF,成長成為中型、大型的ETF,走位未勿能及以前靈活自如,且看女股神如何應對。

有關Cathie Wood的ARK系列ETF,還有後多話題可以分析和討論,日後再續。

(9/4/2021)

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