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盈富基金不是大家想像中易賺錢

新手入場,很多時都用盈富基金(2800)做一個起點,不過,有多少的小散戶長期持有一隻盈富可以賺大錢呢?

(圖1-盈富十年股價表現)

如果你在10年前,特別是下半年買入這一隻基金,持貨10年,如果不計算股息,有機會都是得個吉。這樣的表現你會收貨嗎?

(圖2-盈富平均每年回報)資料來源:晨星

如果10年前買入,連股價、息股再投資計,平均每年可以取得接近5%回報,如果五年前買入,可能要賺息蝕價,回報低於1%。一年前買入更加要蝕錢。賺錢還是蝕錢,要視乎你掌握的入市時間。

小散戶買盈富都是想用一個大包圍的策略,投資所有的藍籌股,免卻選擇股票的煩惱。正正因為這個大包圍政策,賺錢與否取決於盈富基金所跟從的指數,成份股有什麼內容,以及如何選擇成份股。

盈富基金是追縱恒生指數的ETF。過去10年盈富沒有太大的寸進,歸根究底都是因為恒生指數成份股內容的問題。指數太過偏重一些舊經濟企業,特別是中資金融股,反而朝氣勃勃的新經濟股,佔比重不太大。頭十大的股票,佔恒生指數的比重超過六成,但這10隻巨無霸當中,只有一隻是新經濟的科技股騰訊(0700)。


(圖3-10大恒指成份股佔指數比重) 資料來源:恒生指數公司(15/05/2020)

新經濟股孤掌難鳴

騰訊過去10年都不負所托,股價增幅數以陪計,不過,由於騰訊所佔比例只不過是一成,對於拉動恒生指數的表現,是有心無力。其餘的股份大部份屬於經濟周期股,受到國內經濟影響很大。特別是過去10年,國內經濟增長減慢,銀行股表現都乏善足陳。

(圖4-騰訊0700股價比對恒指HSI表現)

美國股市之所以經歷過最長的牛市,其中原因就是受到新經濟拉動,大家看一看反映科技股表現的納斯達克指數,以及舊經濟指數道瓊斯指數,把兩者做比較便看出分別。

(圖5-近五年納斯達克綜合指數(IXIC)VS道瓊斯指數(DJI))

恒指大變革帶來朝氣及波動

恒生指數的成份股太過着重於舊經濟,早已有不少聲音反映出來,所以恒指公司都要檢視一下,會否讓一些同股不同權的新經濟巨無霸,如阿里巴巴(9988)和美圖(3690)的加入。結果恒指公司決定有條件地納入同股不同權及第二上市公司為恒指選股範疇,但這些公司每間佔成分股比重上限為5%,低於一般股票的10%。新政策將於2020年8月指數檢討時開始實施,預計9月正式生效,意味阿里巴巴、美團及小米(01810)有機會「染藍」。

這個決定無疑為恒生指數帶來多一點朝氣,不過食得鹹魚抵得喝,股價也會比以前波動了,未來派發的股息未必吸引,因為新經濟股份,着重於增長多於股息。

盈富投資策略

盈富基金十年的表現,都是有波幅沒有升幅,如果長期持有而沒有睇位入市的話,最終只會還原基本步。所以投資這一隻股份,最好都是低買高沽,睇位入市。


(圖6-恒指息率走勢)

對小散戶來說,有一個簡單方法,過去多年以來,恒生指數的息率大部份在三厘水平上下徘徊,如果息率升至3%以上或更高,就越吸引,如果去到3%以下便要開始小心。原因是股票的息率越高,很大機會因為股價跌,相反,股價升得多,息率自然越低(今天19/05/2020 盈富基金的息率接近3.8%) 。另方面,用月供股票,比平常唔睇位入市,贏面也比較高。

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