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轉型中的投資大行高盛

美國大型銀行股公布業績,打響頭炮幾間大行,包括摩根大通 (JPM)、高盛(GS)和富國銀行(WGC),果然沒有令市場失望,業績好過市場預期,摩根大通錄得史上最好的首季盈利,而高盛的成績表更加亮麗。

筆者在日前寫過一篇銀行股的檢閱《邊隻大型美國銀行股做得好?》,其中最尾賣了一個關子,就是會寫一篇關於一隻轉型中的銀行股,這一隻銀行股就是高盛。

圖片來源:高盛網頁

高盛剛剛公布的第一季業績,成績遠比市場預期好,收入126億元,高過市場估計超過40%!同時銀行亦都調高了前景預測。業績中,各類業務都有滿意的表現。

SPAC(Special Purpose Acquisition Company 特殊目的收購公司)上市熱潮興起,最受惠自然是幫人做上市,或股份包銷的投資大行,與此同時SPAC公司上市後,要實踐承諾,快快進行收購,令到收購合併生意有排做,這又是高盛的範疇。

高盛近年股價做好,賣點不在此限,還有的是銀行正在轉型中,走的方向獲大家的認同,所以最近一年,股價越升越有。


圖:高盛及標普指數近一年股價表現

高盛做甚麼生意?

每次提到高盛, 報紙、電視台都會加一個銜頭,叫做投資大行,那麼究竟這一家投資大行的主要業務是什麼呢?

它的強項就是幫人進行收購合併、股份的包銷、FICC(債券、外匯及商品)的買賣活動,這幾項其實跟投資市場表現息息相關,股市旺、債券買賣活躍,收入自己增加。近年,銀行正積極拓展財富管理生意。財富管理業務好處屬於輕資產(captial-light)生意,用多少少的成本開支,可以幫人管理數以億元計的資產,可謂本少利大。高盛本身已有不少基本的投資業務及人才,稍為加多少少資源,可以做埋幫人投資、管理財富的生意,用高盛的品牌,不難吸引高質及大額資金。

走向數碼化年代

近期高盛獲市場睇好另一賣點,是拓展消費市場,包括電子消費市場,慢慢將傳統投資銀行的舊形象抹去,加入新動力。傳聞高盛快將把Bitcoin及其他數碼資產納入它的財富管理服務內,難怪部份ETF或分析員把高盛撥入Fintec公司之列。

高盛在投資銀行業務已經成為龍頭大哥,如果能善用它的品牌及優勢,結合埋新科技,走向FinTec新領域,或者又可以開拓一個廣闊的業務空間,這隻股份都值得大家留意一下。

值得一提,銀行第一季業績理想,能否年頭好到尾,要視乎投資市場(股市、債市等),以及經濟表現,銀行股2021年或有不錯的一年,但跟它的本質一樣,經濟敏感度比較高。

(16/4/2021)

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