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GameStop散戶大勝華爾街炒家

近日美股最熱的話題,莫過於GameStop一役:網民對決沽空機構。有人形容是大衛挑戰歌利亞,但一批華爾街精英就形容網民是一批暴民(mob),亦有人覺得是佔領華爾街精神的回歸。這場 “戰役” 除了花生指數極高之外😄,其實也有深遠的影響,可能扭轉了股票市場的生態。

網民聯手 GameStop股價狂升

先俾簡單背景大家。日前電子遊戲零售商GameStop(GME)被沽空機構看上, 在社交網絡發表看淡的言論(態度當然唔太好),激嬲網民,有人在Reddit熱門論壇wallstreetbets呼籲一眾小散戶反擊,叫大家有貨唔好賣,冇貨就入貨,跟沽空機構來個對決。結果令到GameStop的股價狂升,一月份升幅超過1,700%,多隻持有GameStop的ETF,一夜間大升超過兩成。

結果是沽空機機因為早前借貨來沽空股票,或用衍生工具買跌,但股價狂升要反手用高價買入股票來補倉,這場戰役都未完就蝕到眼癱癱。

沽空機構一貫搵錢方法

事實上,沽空機構利用投機活動來搵食,已經係司空見慣,不過今次就老貓燒鬚。它們一般搵食方法是利用沽空活動來賺錢。換言之,就是睇淡一隻股票,預先問人借股票賣出去了,等股價下跌之後,再用低價買番隻票補番俾人,即是用高賣、低買方法來賺錢。

不過,如果睇錯市,股票最終上升,或者反過來俾對手玩番轉頭推高股價,沽空機構最終只能夠用更高的價錢來補回股票,這樣就會蝕錢。因為借貨沽空要成本,唔撐得好耐。

GameStop的股價狂升都唔係講基本因素,散戶參與有不同原因,有人要決心對著幹,有散戶趁機短炒,當中應有另外的沽空機構承機搵快錢,推升正股以及在衍生工具上火上加油。

這個情景似唔似早前《蘋果日報》遭警方大搜查,股價不跌反升的情況?

後遺症不少

這場對決咪話小事,令到監管機構非常頭痕,與此同時股價異常波動、買賣急增,令到多間證券行網路大塞車,出現慢機情況。

這場戰役嚇怕了其沽空機構,將他們的投機活動收斂了,個別股份的沽空都減低了。投資大行高盛亦都在星期一表示,睇到至2019年8月以來最大的平倉活動。這場大衛與歌利亞的決鬥,其實仍未完結,只是沽空機構可能再諗吓其他策略對應,不過在此期間,他們亦都要收斂一下。

另一方面,散戶吃到了今次的甜頭,往後的團結力量會更加壯大,日後的發展未必是一場對決,可能是一場跟一場的博奕的遊戲, 股票市場始終不是鬥氣的地方,而是一個複雜,可以俾人搵快錢、進行投機的場所。

今次事件可能是沽空機構惡夢開始,也是股票市場生態轉變的開始。

筆者早幾年寫過一篇關於投資森林的故事,股票市場有不同的參與者,擁有不同動物的個性,散戶一般俾人視作綿羊,對沖基金就是森林中的狼群,綿羊要保護自己,最重要是見勢色不對時,走得快好世界,但今時今日世界變了,綿羊惡起上來,不單唔後退,更加要正面對決,把狼群打到落荒而逃,咁會唔會令人大快人心🤔。

想了解沽空機構如何覓食,不妨參考這篇文章《投資森林:股市中的狼群》。

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